Nightwatch 的行動應用程式測試安裝
概觀
為了使用 Nightwatch 執行行動應用程式測試，需要安裝一些東西
- Appium
- 命令列工具
- 各平台的 SDK
- 虛擬裝置
但是，Nightwatch 透過 Mobile Helper 工具簡化了所有這些設定。
設定新專案
當您執行時
npm init nightwatch<directory-name>
第一個呈現的問題會是
請確保已選取「行動應用程式測試」。其餘的將是一系列您必須完成的問題/步驟，而 Nightwatch 將會執行安裝所有必要項目的繁重工作，或在需要時提供指示。
如果您計畫只進行行動應用程式測試，您也可以使用指令以應用程式模式啟動 Nightwatch 安裝
npm init nightwatch@latest <foldername> -- --app 如果您選擇 Android，則需要注意 1 個重點。只有在您未安裝 SDK 時才選取預設選項，以避免重複下載 SDK。如果您已安裝 SDK，請在出現此問題時提供路徑
就是這樣。Nightwatch 行動應用程式測試的設定已完成！
將行動應用程式測試新增至現有專案
Android
步驟 1
前往 Nightwatch 專案目錄並執行下列指令
npx @nightwatch/mobile-helper android --appium
步驟 2
根據您的需求回答問題。
如果您選擇 Android，則需要注意 1 個重點。只有在您未安裝 SDK 時才選取預設選項，以避免重複下載 SDK。如果您已安裝 SDK，請在出現此問題時提供路徑
s步驟 3
驗證後，如果未滿足所有需求或發生錯誤，請依照指示解決它們。
步驟 4
接下來，使用下列指令在您的專案中設定 Appium 2。
npm i appium@next --save-dev步驟 5
為 Android 安裝 Appium UiAutomator2 驅動程式
npx appium driver install uiautomator2步驟 6
下載範例 wikipedia 應用程式，並將其儲存在您專案的根目錄中 (與 nightwatch.conf.js 檔案並排)。
步驟 7 為 Android 模擬器和真實裝置新增 Nightwatch 環境。
nightwatch.conf.json
{
...
'test_settings':{
app: {
selenium: {
start_process: true,
use_appium: true,
host: 'localhost',
port: 4723,
server_path: '',
// args to pass when starting the Appium server
cli_args: [
// automatically download the required chromedriver
// '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload'
],
// Remove below line if using Appium v1
default_path_prefix: ''
},
webdriver: {
timeout_options: {
timeout: 150000,
retry_attempts: 3
},
keep_alive: false,
start_process: false
}
},
'app.android.emulator': {
extends: 'app',
'desiredCapabilities': {
// More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver#capabilities
browserName: null,
platformName: 'android',
// `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
// If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
// and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
'appium:options': {
automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
// Android Virtual Device to run tests on
avd: 'nightwatch-android-11',
// While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
// Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
app: `${__dirname}/wikipedia.apk`,
appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
// chromedriver executable to use for testing web-views in hybrid apps.
// add '.exe' at the end below (making it 'chromedriver.exe') if testing on windows.
chromedriverExecutable: `${__dirname}/chromedriver-mobile/chromedriver`,
newCommandTimeout: 0
}
}
},
'app.android.real': {
extends: 'app',
'desiredCapabilities': {
// More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver#capabilities
browserName: null,
platformName: 'android',
// `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
// If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
// and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
'appium:options': {
automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
// While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
// Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
app: `${__dirname}/nightwatch/sample-apps/wikipedia.apk`,
appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
// 'chromedriver' binary is required while testing hybrid mobile apps.
//
// Set `chromedriverExecutable` to '' to use binary from `chromedriver` NPM package (if installed).
// Or,put '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload' in `cli_args` property of `selenium`
// config (see 'app' env above) to automatically download the required version of chromedriver
// (delete `chromedriverExecutable` capability below in that case).
chromedriverExecutable: '',
newCommandTimeout: 0,
// add device id of the device to run tests on,if multiple devices are online
// Run command: `$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools/adb devices` to get all connected devices
// udid: '',
}
}
},
}
}
步驟 8 在 nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-android.js 檔案下新增下列範例測試檔案
nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-android.js
describe('Wikipedia Android app test',function(){
before(function(app) {
app.click('id','org.wikipedia:id/fragment_onboarding_skip_button');
});
it('Search for BrowserStack',async function(app) {
app
.click('id','org.wikipedia:id/search_container')
.sendKeys('id','org.wikipedia:id/search_src_text','browserstack')
.click({selector: 'org.wikipedia:id/page_list_item_title',locateStrategy: 'id',index: 0})
.waitUntil(async function() {
// wait for webview context to be available
const contexts = await this.appium.getContexts();
return contexts.includes('WEBVIEW_org.wikipedia');
})
.appium.setContext('WEBVIEW_org.wikipedia')
.assert.textEquals('.pcs-edit-section-title','BrowserStack'); // command run in webview context
});
});
完成！🎉 您的 Android 設定現在已完成。
iOS
步驟 1
前往 Nightwatch 專案目錄並執行下列指令
npx @nightwatch/mobile-helper ios --setups
步驟 2
根據您的需求回答問題。
步驟 3
驗證後，如果未滿足所有需求或發生錯誤，請依照指示解決它們。
步驟 4
之後，使用下列指令在您的專案中設定 Appium 2
npm i appium@next --save-dev步驟 5
使用下列指令為 iOS 安裝 Appium XCUITest 驅動程式
npx appium driver install xcuitest步驟 6
下載範例 wikipedia 應用程式，並將其儲存在您專案的根目錄中 (與 nightwatch.conf.js 檔案並排)。
步驟 7 為 iOS 模擬器和真實裝置新增 Nightwatch 環境
nightwatch.conf.json
{
...
'test_settings':{
// other envs above this line
app: {
selenium: {
start_process: true,
use_appium: true,
host: 'localhost',
port: 4723,
server_path: '',
// args to pass when starting the Appium server
cli_args: [
// automatically download the required chromedriver
// '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload'
],
// Remove below line if using Appium v1
default_path_prefix: ''
},
webdriver: {
timeout_options: {
timeout: 150000,
retry_attempts: 3
},
keep_alive: false,
start_process: false
}
},
'app.ios.simulator': {
extends: 'app',
'desiredCapabilities': {
// More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#capabilities
browserName: null,
platformName: 'ios',
// `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
// If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
// and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
'appium:options': {
automationName: 'XCUITest',
// platformVersion: '15.5',
deviceName: 'iPhone 13',
// While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
// Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
app: `${__dirname}/wikipedia.zip`,
bundleId: 'org.wikimedia.wikipedia',
newCommandTimeout: 0
}
}
},
'app.ios.real': {
extends: 'app',
'desiredCapabilities': {
// More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#capabilities
browserName: null,
platformName: 'ios',
// `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
// If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
// and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
'appium:options': {
automationName: 'XCUITest',
// While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
// Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
app: `${__dirname}/wikipedia.zip`,
bundleId: 'org.wikimedia.wikipedia',
newCommandTimeout: 0,
// add udid of the device to run tests on. Or,pass the id to `--deviceId` flag when running tests.
// device id could be retrieved from Xcode > Window > 'Devices and Simulators' window.
// udid: '00008030-00024C2C3453402E'
}
}
},
}
}
步驟 8 在 nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-ios.js 檔案下新增下列範例測試檔案
nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-ios.js
describe('Wikipedia iOS app test',function() {
before(function(app) {
app.click('xpath','//XCUIElementTypeButton[@name="Skip"]');
});
it('Search for BrowserStack',async function(app) {
app
.useXpath()
.click('//XCUIElementTypeSearchField[@name="Search Wikipedia"]')
.sendKeys('//XCUIElementTypeSearchField[@name="Search Wikipedia"]','browserstack')
.click('//XCUIElementTypeStaticText[@name="BrowserStack"]')
.waitUntil(async function() {
// wait for webview context to be available
const contexts = await this.appium.getContexts();
return contexts.length > 1;
},5000)
.perform(async function() {
// switch to webview context
const contexts = await this.appium.getContexts();
await this.appium.setContext(contexts[1]);
})
.useCss()
.assert.textEquals('.pcs-edit-section-title','BrowserStack'); // command run in webview context
});
});
恭喜，您的 iOS 設定已完成
驗證設定
安裝完成後，使用下列指令驗證設定，以在 Android 模擬器上執行範例測試
npx nightwatch nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-android.js --env app.android.emulator
或使用下列指令在 iOS 模擬器上執行
npx nightwatch./nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-ios.js --env app.ios.simulator
安裝 Appium Inspector
Appium Inspector 對於識別選取器和除錯測試非常有用。為了安裝 Appium Inspector，請前往 Appium Inspector 發行並下載最新版本。安裝後，只需開啟 Appium Inspector，即可開始使用。以下是應用程式在 Mac 上的外觀。
建議的後續步驟
現在您了解行動應用程式測試如何與 Nightwatch 搭配使用，讓我們深入探討設定。我們建議您涵蓋以下列出的所有主題，以完整了解如何使用 Nightwatch 進行行動應用程式自動化測試。